A comparative study between proximal femur locking compression plate and dynamic hip screw fixation in management of intertrochantric femur fractures

Background: Proximal femur fractures are one of the commonest fracture encountered in orthopaedic trauma practice. Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is the gold standard procedure for treatment for stable intertrochanteric  fractures, however problem arises with unstable fractures in maintenance of neck shaft angle and proper reduction. Here we are giving results of trochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral locking compression plate (PFLCP) as compared with dynamic hip screw (DHS).Methods: This study was a prospective study. Two groups of trochanteric fractures of 25 patients operated with DHS and LCP were taken. Each patient was followed-up from July 2011 to October 2012 for minimum of 12 month or till the bony union. Every fracture was classified according to AO classification. Functional results will be assessed as per modified Harris hip evaluation score.Results: Among 25 patient treated with PFLCP, length discrepancy was .857 cm while that for DHS was 1.2 cm. The mean time of unaided walking with LCP Was 14.20 weeks while for DHS it was 16.20 weeks. The mean varus angulation for LCP 8 degree while for DHS 10.2 degree. In LCP in 1 case screw cut out from head and neck of femur while in DHS, same is seen in 2 cases and in addition loss of position of lag screw seen in 5 cases.one case was found with superficial infection in LCP while in case of DHS 3 cases with deep infection for that implant was removed and 6 cases were found with superficial infection.Conclusions: Proximal femoral locking plate (PFLCP) is simple, stable for fixation with fewer complications, and is an effective method for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.  Comparing with DHS group, the locking plate has shorter operative time, fewer blood loss and drainage

A novel computer vision based neutrosophic approach for leaf disease identification and classification

The natural products are inexpensive, non-toxic, and have fewer side effects. Thus, their demand especially herbs based medical products, health products, nutritional supplements, cosmetics etc. are increasing. The quality of leafs defines the degree of excellence or a state of being free from defects, deficits, and substantial variations. Also, the diseases in leafs possess threats to the economic, and production status in the agricultural industry worldwide

An overview of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiations as risk to pollinators and pollination

Pollinators play a key functional role in most terrestrial ecosystems and provide important ecosystem service to maintain wild plant communities and agricultural productivity. The decline in pollinators has been related to anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat loss, alterations in land use, and climate change. The surge in mobile telephony has led to a marked increase in electromagnetic fields in the atmosphere, which may affect pollinator and pollination. Several laboratory studies have reported negative effects of electromagnetic radiation on reproduction, development, and navigation in insects. The abundance of insects such as the beetle, wasp, and hoverfly, decreased with electromagnetic radiation(EMR), whereas the abundance of underground-nesting wild bees and bee fly unexpectedly increased with EMR. Potential risks for pollinators and biodiversity are anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (AREMR) (light, radiofrequency). Artificial light at night (ALAN) can alter the function and abundance of pollinator. Evidence of impacts of AREMR is not adequate due to a lack of high quality, field-realistic studies. Whether pollinators experiencing a threat of ALAN or AREMR, while major knowledge gap exists. In this review, the effects of EMR on wild pollinator groups such as wild bees, hoverflies, bee flies, beetles, butterflies, and wasps etc. have been highlighted. Researchers are also recommended for further study on the effects of EMR on insects. This study will be significant to conserve pollinators and other important insects.

An Efficient Coding Method for Teleconferencing Video and Confocal Microscopic Image Sequences

In this paper we propose a three-dimensional vector quantization based video coding scheme. The algorithm uses a 3D vector quantization pyramidal code book based model with adaptive code book pyramidal codebook for compression. The pyramidal code book based model helps in getting high compression in case of modest motion. The adaptive vector quantization algorithm is used to train the code book for optimal performance with time. Some of the distinguished features of our algorithm are its excellent performance due to its adaptive behavior to the video composition and excellent compression due to codebook approach. We also propose an efficient codebook based post processing technique which enables the vector quantizer to possess higher correlation preservation property. Based on the special pattern of the codebook imposed by post-processing technique, a window based fast search (WBFS) algorithm is proposed. The WBFS algorithm not only accelerates the vector quantization processing, but also results in better rate-distortion performance. The proposed approach can be used for both teleconferencing videos and to compress images obtained from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results show that the proposed method gave higher subjective and objective image quality of reconstructed images at a better compression ratio and presented more acceptable results when applying image processing filters such as edge detection on reconstructed images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the teleconferencing compression standards H.261 and LBG based vector quantization technique

Cytotoxic effect of methanolic extracts and partially purified fractions of some medicinal plants used in traditional medication

In this study, the cytotoxic activity of methanolic extracts different parts of seven plant species was checked on NRK-52E (Rat renal proximal tubular cells) using MTT assay. Based on their cytotoxic activities, methanol extract of Vitex negundo (V. negundo) was selected and their partition in hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water was done. Among all fractions, chloroform fraction was most active on NRK-52E cells as determined by MTT assay. In NRK-52E cells induction of apoptosis was checked by analyzing DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis. To study the molecular mechanism of apoptosis, expression levels of different genes BCL-2, BCL-Xl, SOD, TGF, Foxo and BAX were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Chloroform fraction of Vitex negundo (VnCE) was found to be highly antiproliferative and also showed DNA fragmentation in NRK-52E cells. VnCE showed up regulation of BCL-2, BCL-Xl, SOD, Foxo and BAX genes and down regulation of TGF gene.Cytotoxic activity, Apoptosis, DNA fragmentation assay, MTT assay, Real time PCR assa

Clinico-radiological variability of pulmonary tuberculosis in young patients as compared to elder patients prior to RNTCP and after 18 years RNTCP

Background: Tuberculosis, a chronic disease causing high morbidity and mortality with multiple host related and socio-demographic risk factors. Incidence is 3-4 times among in diabetics. HIV is considered to be a most powerful risk factor other being malnutrition, Tubercular contacts, smoking habits and alcoholism. Many ecological and societal threats increase a vulnerability to infection and succession of the disease. Objective was to study and compare various clinico-radiological presentations and clinical risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in the young (50yrs) patients.Methods: Total 300 pulmonary tuberculosis patients each admitted in hospital during 1999 (group ‘A’) and 2016 (group ‘B’) respectively were included in our study. Socio-demographic risk factors and presence of any existing co morbidities and clinical as well radiological presentation data were evaluated.Results: Majority patients in both group ‘A’ and ‘B’ were males (67% and 61.3%), younger (71.3% and 63.3%) patients. Elder patients had more smokers in both groups (48.8% and 33.6%). COPD trends seems to be receding in group ‘B’ as compared to group ‘A’ in younger (6.3% vs. 8.9%) as well elder (13.6% vs. 29.1%) but on the contrary lifestyle disease trends like DM increased in group ‘B’ than group ‘A’ patients more in elder subgroup (30% vs. 9.3%). HIV infected was more in younger 2.1 % (elder 0.9%) group ‘B’ patients. Haemoptysis (17.8% and 18.6% vs. 13.7% and 9.1%) and cough (~87% vs. ~85%) were almost similar but fever (~90% vs. ~65%) was seen significantly higher in the young patients. Radiologically bilateral upper lobe cavitations (15%-30%) was a higher in group A patients as compared to negligible less than ~3% cavitations in group B, on the contrary infiltrations (15%-32%) was more in group B.Conclusions: Young adults are more likely to have fever while haemoptysis cough and advanced lung field involvement is more common in elderly. Elderly patients had a higher number of co-morbidities like COPD and DM. The present study reveals that various demographic, socioeconomic and clinical risk factors have a potential role in causation/augmentation of pulmonary tuberculosis hence life style modification, prevention and timely management of these risk factors could be helpful to reduce the burden of disease

A comparative study between anterior and posterior approach for bipolar hemiarthroplasty in intracapsular fracture neck of femur

Background: The present study was undertaken to to compare the efficacy of treatment of intracapsular neck of femur fracture operated by anterior and posterior approaches.Methods: A total 100 patients of either sex, aged >65 years with intracapsular neck femur fracture were operated with hemiarthroplasty. The patients were divided into two equal groups and patients were operated alternatively one with anterior approach and the second with posterior approach. Functional outcomes were compared using Harris hip score and range of movements assessed clinically. Hip function and final outcome measures were noted and compared between two groups.Results: The mean age of patients was 63.1±5.3 years in group A and 65.8±5.4 years in group B with female to male ratio was 1.7:1 for group A and 1.8:1 for group B. Operating time for group A and for group B was 65 and 78 minutes respectively. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 120 ml in group A and 150 ml in group B. The most common complication in both the groups were infection and rate in group A was 9.70% and in group B was 13.50%. Posterior approach carried an increased risk of prosthetic dislocation as compared to anterior approach. There was no intraoperative mortality seen in follow up period.Conclusions: Anterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly population with intracapsular femoral neck fractures provided significant benefit in early postoperative period when compared to the posterior approach in terms of duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, time of recovery, hip dislocation rate

Influence of trichloroacetic acid-methylene chloride on structure of polyester fabrics

341-348In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric has been treated with trichloroacetic acid–methylene chloride (TCA-MC) to modify its functional properties by altering the structure. TCA-MC interacts with both amorphous and crystalline regions of PET and alters the structure (solvent-induced-polymer modification), which directly affects the functional properties of PET fabrics. Five different concentrations (0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10%) of TCA-MC at 1, 3 and 5 min are used to treat two fabric structures, viz 100% micro polyester fabric and 100 % texturized polyester fabric. The physical properties and wettability of the treated samples are investigated, and the results are statistically analyzed. The results reveal that TCA-MC alters the structure of polyester, with the degree of modification determined by TCA-MC concentration and treatment time